Exercise-induced muscle cramps are painful, involuntary contractions of a muscle during or shortly after exercise, typically in two-joint muscles (e.g. hamstrings). These cramps often occur during excessive exertion in a sporting context.
What is the treatment for muscle cramps?
- Acute treatment (during convulsions):
- Gentle static stretching of the affected muscles until the cramp subsides.
- Foods containing acetic acid (vinegar, gherkins, mustard, ketchup) or capsaicin (chili peppers) can provide relief when administered in small quantities.
- Post-acute treatment (after convulsions):
- Cryotherapy, massage, electrical muscle stimulation
- Static stretching
- Oral intake of carbohydrate and electrolyte-containing fluids
- Products containing quinine (e.g. tonic water) should not be administered for treatment.
❗ However, post-acute treatment measures are based on expert opinion, practical experience and basic research. There is still no consistent and high-quality evidence for this. ❗
How can I prevent muscle cramps?
- Adjust your training load to reduce neuromuscular fatigue.
- Train regularly under competition-like conditions.
- Take sufficient rest periods to allow for recovery.
- Make sure you eat a balanced diet and drink enough fluids
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